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What is an Enrolled Agent (EA)?

We are regularly asked, “What is an Enrolled Agent (EA)?”

Although there are over 50,000 Enrolled Agents (EA’s) nationwide,  many folks are not familiar with the term so I thought I’d give a brief review.

I’ll start out with a direct quote from the IRS website, “Enrolled agent status is the highest credential the IRS awards.”

OK, that’s sounds real good but what does an EA actually do?

An EA can prepare your taxes, but so can CPA’s and a half million others at the national chains and the local mom and pop operations.  But that where the similarity stops.

I have prepared a chart to compare the differences.  IMPORTANT:  There are excellent tax preparers who are unlicensed, or who are CPA’s or who are EA’s.  There are also some very bad tax preparers who are unlicensed, or who are CPA’s or who are EA’s.  One of the best tax preparers I know has been preparing taxes for over 30 years but is unlicensed.

The point here is not to make any of the three groups look bad, but to point out the differences.

UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE

BETWEEN TAX RETURN PREPARERS

ITEM

ENROLLED AGENT (EA)

CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT (CPA)

NON-LICENSED PREPARER

(Note: this includes hundreds of thousands of preparers including most at the national and regional tax preparation chains, as well as at local mom & pop tax preparers)

Testing – total time alloted 3 Exams totaling 10.5 hours Varies by state NONE
Testing – time related to taxes 100% of exam Usually, 25% of exam NONE
How many test questions? 300 Varies by state NONE
Continuing Education required – average hours per year 24 Varies by state NONE – Although an employer may require some continuing education
Continuing Education required – hours per year if a member of NAEA 30 Not Applicable Not Applicable
Continuing Education required – hours per year for tax preparers at Heritage Income Tax. 40 Not Applicable Not Applicable
Can represent clients before the IRS if they prepared the original return YES YES YES
Can attend an office audit on behalf of a client without the client being present YES YES NO
Can represent clients other than those they prepared themselves before the IRS. YES YES NO
Can represent clients at all levels of the IRS. YES YES NO
Can represent clients for lien releases, garnishment releases, payment arrangements, debt collection, offers in compromize, and all dealings before the IRS YES YES NO
Credential granted by: IRS – with authority to practice nationwide State – with authority to practice in the state where they are licensed NO Credential

 

Depreciation, Expensing and Taxes

September 11, 2013

Bruce Bartlett wrote an article with a nice breakdown of the history of depreciation in the United States. An interesting point he makes is that depreciation was initially an accounting gimmick:

If the railroads treated capital expenditures the same way that operating expenses were treated, they would have huge losses for many years that would discourage investors. So the idea of depreciation was born – writing off capital investments over time.

Maybe that helped businesses sell projects to investors, but the addition of the corporate income tax in 1909 made depreciation rules important for taxes, too.

In the article, Bartlett lays out two common economic arguments why depreciation rules can be bad for tax purposes.

The first argument is that under current depreciation rules, inflation erodes the value of the tax right off. These types of depreciation rules understate the cost of the equipment to business, overstate the profit, and lead to higher taxes for the business.

The second argument is that as technology changes more rapidly, high-tech equipment becomes irrelevant sooner than it physically wears out.

Expensing solves both these issues and offers other benefits of its own – namely, increased investment and economic growth.

Expensing is effective in increasing investment, because it lowers the cost of capital. As the Tax Foundation’s Steve Entin wrote in a recent report:

The rules for how quickly a company can write off investments in plants, equipment, and buildings directly impact the cost of doing business. The higher those costs are, the slower the economy will grow. The lower the cost, the bigger the economy will be, and with it the number of jobs and the level of wages.

But it’s important for long-term economic growth that expensing not just be used as a short-term solution to stimulate investment, as it has been used in the past.

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IRS to Increase Audits of Prior- and Subsequent-Year Tax Returns

e Internal Revenue Service needs to strengthen its correspondence audit selection process by auditing more of the prior- and subsequent-year tax returns of noncompliant income tax filers, according to a new government report.

The report, by the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, noted that the IRS relies heavily on the correspondence audit process to examine individuals who are suspected of underreporting their tax liabilities.

The correspondence audits often result in significant additional tax assessments, and the IRS has found audits conducted by correspondence to be more economical than other types of audits, such as face-to-face audits in IRS offices or out in the field meeting with taxpayers. Statistics indicate that in fiscal year 2012, the IRS conducted 1.1 million correspondence audits and recommended approximately $9.2 billion in additional taxes.

For its report, TIGTA set out to determine the effectiveness of the filing checks made during the correspondence audit process in the IRS’s Small Business/Self-Employed Division. Filing checks are used, in part, by the SB/SE Division to determine whether the same pattern of noncompliance identified on an audited tax return is present on the prior- and subsequent-year tax returns, and if those tax returns also warrant an audit. When they are properly completed, filing checks enable the IRS to better leverage its auditing resources by increasing the overall compliance coverage of every audit.

TIGTA evaluated a statistical sample of 102 out of 7,470 single-year correspondence audits in which the taxpayers involved agreed that they understated their tax liabilities by at least $4,000. Similar tax issues also existed on the prior- and/or subsequent-year tax returns for 43 of the 102 taxpayers. TIGTA found that 32 of the 43 individuals did not have those tax returns audited and, as a result, may have avoided additional assessments ranging from $2,343 to $18,874.

TIGTA pointed out in its report that one factor that may have contributed to the limited number of prior- and/or subsequent-year tax audits in the sample it examined is the emphasis the IRS places on keeping its audit inventories free of older tax years so there is enough time to complete audits and assess any resulting taxes within the three-year statute of limitations for assessments. There are also some control issues involving how current-year audit results are used to decide whether to audit any prior- and subsequent-year tax returns.

TIGTA recommended that the IRS develop and implement procedures that instruct its auditors how they should use current-year correspondence audit results when deciding whether the prior- or subsequent-year tax returns also warrant an audit. To ensure that the instructions are followed, TIGTA also recommended that the procedures should include instructions for monitoring how well current-year correspondence audit results are used in deciding to audit prior- and/or subsequent-year tax returns.

The IRS agreed with TIGTA’s recommendation and plans to develop an Internal Revenue Manual section to address the case selection and delivery process, in addition to the duties and roles of IRS analysts and examiners.

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Consumers could be surprised at tax time due to federal health law

Some families may end up owing Uncle Sam a sizable refund if they accept government help on buying health insurance next year under President Obama’s Affordable Care Act.

A study published Monday in Health Affairs estimates that 38% of families that qualify for federal premium subsidies might have to repay some portion if changes in their household income aren’t reported to the government.

These subsidies are a crucial part of the federal healthcare law intended to help make insurance more affordable for lower- and middle-income people. Individuals earning less than $46,000 a year, and families below $94,000 annually may qualify for these premium tax credits.

But a raise, bonus or other unexpected income during the year could alter a person’s eligibility and subsidy amount, triggering a repayment when the person files income tax forms for 2014. Some policy experts worry that experience could sour people on the healthcare expansion.

“There’s the potential for some sizable repayments,” said Ken Jacobs, the study’s lead author and chairman of the UC Berkeley Center for Labor Research and Education.

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Today’s Humor

The mother was telling her three boys the story of the birth of Christ and how the Wise Men brought gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh for the infant Jesus.

After giving it a lot of thought, her six-year-old observed, "Mom, a Wise Woman would have brought diapers."

__________________

Did you hear about the barber who specializes in Mohawk haircuts?  He doesn't do it for a living, though.  He just cuts hair on the side.

__________________

Alice was supposed to bake a cake for the church ladies' group bake sale, but she forgot to do it until the last minute. She baked an angel food cake and when she took it from the oven, the center had dropped flat.

She said, "Oh dear, there's no time to bake another cake." So, she looked around the house for something to build up the center of the cake.

Alice found it in the bathroom .. a roll of toilet paper.

She plunked it in and covered it with icing. The finished product looked beautiful, so she rushed it to the church.

Alice then gave her daughter some money and instructions to be at the sale the minute it opened and to buy that cake and bring it home.

When the daughter arrived at the sale she was too late... the attractive cake had already been sold.

Alice was beside herself.

A couple of days later, Alice was invited to a lunch at a friend's home.  After the lunch the cake in question was presented for dessert.

As soon as Alice saw the cake, she started to get out of her chair to rush into the kitchen to tell her hostess all about it, but before she could get to her feet, one of the other ladies said, "What a beautiful cake!"

Alice sat back in her chair when she heard the hostess (a prominent church member) say "Thank you.  I baked it myself."

 

Migration of Personal Income

This week, our Monday Map draws data from our interactive State Migration Calculator, and illustrates the interstate movement of income over the past decade (from 2000 to 2010). When a person moves to a new state, their income is added to the total of all other incomes in that state. This positively affects the total taxable income in his or her new state, and negatively affects the income in the state he or she left.

All maps and other graphics may be published and re-posted with credit to the Tax Foundation.

CLICK ON THIS LINE TO SEE THE MAP

 

Things to Do When You Buy a Home

  • Review wage withholding and estimated taxes. You may be able to reduce withholding and increase your take-home pay because of deducting mortgage interest and real estate taxes if you haven’t been deducting these items before (i.e., this is your first home).
  • Decide whether to make energy improvements. You may qualify for a tax credit of up to $500 for adding insulation and other energy-saving items to your home.
  • Keep track of expenses related to a home office if you use part of your home for business. You can deduct your actual expenses or use an IRS simplified method for figuring the home office deduction.
  • Begin a record of home improvements. These add to the basis of your home and reduce the amount of gain when you eventually sell.
  • Notify the IRS of your new address. This is one using Form 8822.

 

This article is from www.jklasser.com

 

Sixth Circuit Highlights S Corporation Perils In Broz Decision

Business owners and their advisers often fail to recognize how perilous S corporations can be.  The Sixth Circuit decision in the case of Robert and Kimberly Broz upholding an $18 million deficiency for the years 1996 to 2001 provides some useful lessons.

Journal Entries Are Not All They Are Cracked Up To Be

The lesson for business owners is that it is a very bad idea to use multiple entities without respecting the implications of each entity.  Don’t rely on your accountant to straighten every thing out with journal entries.  I spent much of the early part of my career making journal entries to move tax effects around among multiple related entities.  For the last decade or so, I have at least looked at every federal tax decision and have reached a painful conclusion.  The only people who think accountant’s journal entries mean anything are other accountants.  Listen to the Sixth Circuit:

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Business Owners May Face $100-Per-Day Penalty Under ObamaCare

Small business owners who thought they were off the hook for ObamaCare regulations until 2015 may be in for an expensive wake-up call next month.

Beginning Oct. 1, any business with at least one employee and $500,000 in annual revenue must notify all employees by letter about the Affordable Care Act’s health-care exchanges, or face up to a $100-per-day fine. The requirement applies to any business regulated under the Fair Labor Standards Act, regardless of size. Going forward, letters are to be distributed to any new hires within 14 days of their starting date, according to the Department of Labor.

Earlier this summer, the employer mandate, which states that every business with at least 50 or more full-time employees must offer workers acceptable coverage or face a $2,000 penalty per-worker, per-year, was pushed back until 2015. But the Oct. 1 employee-notification deadline stands. Keith McMurdy, partner at FOX Rothschild LLP, says the $100 per-day fine has been “unfortunately overlooked” by many small businesses, and the dollar amount on the penalty comes from the general per-day penalty under the ACA.

“The PPACA has a general $100-a-day penalty for non-compliance. Since this requirement is in the FLSA there are also penalties there. So the general consensus is that some penalty applies and probably the general provision,” McMurdy tells FOXBusiness.com.
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Are Some Americans Paying Federal Income Tax They Don’t Owe?

Headline got your attention? No, it isn’t a come-on for a new tax avoidance scheme. Rather, it reflects an interesting but little known problem with the federal income tax system: People who have tax withheld from their paychecks but, for some reason, don’t file returns. For many, blowing off their 1040 means they are paying tax they don’t owe.

According to one estimate, in 2003 more than 8 million people had almost $16 billion in taxes withheld but did not file 1040s. Not only did many pay tax they didn’t owe but some likely missed out on refundable credits that could have improved their well-being.

To some degree, this is the flip side of another set of numbers that get far more attention—those American who pay no federal income tax.  The other day, the Tax Policy Center estimated that about 43 percent of Americans will be off the federal income tax rolls in 2013, down from 47 percent in 2009.

Nearly three in four non-payers file 1040s. Nearly all pay some tax—sales taxes, payroll taxes, excise taxes and the like. And most have income taxes withheld from their paychecks but get these payments returned from the government in the form of refunds or credits.

There are also people who make money, have no tax withheld, and owe no tax. Think low-income retirees who are living on Social Security or younger adults who work but make very little.

But a surprisingly large number of people do work, do have taxes withheld, but never file 1040s. Because we don’t know much about them, TPC treats them as non-payers of income tax even though some do pay through withholding. As a result, our estimate that 43 percent of Americans don’t pay federal income tax is probably high.

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(757) 488-7232 | Fax (757) 488-1368

Heritage Income Tax offers a full range of tax preparation services. Located in Portsmouth, Virginia, we serve the entire Hampton Roads area including the cities of Chesapeake, Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Suffolk, Newport News and Hampton.